Early Diagnosis by Clinical, X-ray, and Echo Study and Surgical Total Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot
Keywords:
X-RAY, Tetralogy of Fallot, complications, Low cardiac output, Pulmonary regurgitationAbstract
Background Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that occurs at birth. It involves a combination of four heart abnormalities that cause affects into the structure and function of the heart.
Objective Our study aimed to assess surgical outcomes of total correction patients who have TOF.
Patients and methods Our paper was conducted a cross-sectional study to determine surgical outcomes for patients who had undergone in total correction surgery for patients with TOF in different hospitals in Iraq between 16th March 2022 and 26th May 2023. Data was analysed using the SPSS program for 110 cases–55 children and 55 adults–based on age, sex, weight, BMI, and symptoms.
Results and discussions: Demographic outcomes showed that children had a higher number of cases compared to adults, with children at (7.2±2.7) and adults at (21.27±1.96). Atrial septal defect was found to be the most prevalent condition in both age groups, with a rate of 29.1% in children and a high rate of cases observed in hospital settings with a percentage of 32.7%. The study compared the outcomes of children and adults and found that Cyanosis had the highest rate of symptomatic cases, accounting for 36.4% of cases in both children and adults. The data indicated that 94.5% of children received intraoperative blood products, compared to 63.6% of adults. Furthermore, 81.8% of children were administered PRBC compared to 63.6% of adults. In terms of FFP, 76.4% of children were given it, while only 58.2% of adults received it.
Similarly, 72.7% of children were given platelets compared to 47.3% of adults. To further our understanding of outcomes, we evaluated post-operative complications in patients with TOF. Our findings indicate that children experienced more complications than adults after surgery, with a rate of 43.6% in children compared to 25.5% in adults. Pulmonary regurgitation was found to be a prevalent factor after surgery, with a rate of 11 (20%) in children and 5 (9.1%) in adults.
Conclusions: Our study indicated an increased rate of postoperative complications in children compared to adults. Complications were identified in both children (43.6%) and adults (25.5%), with low cardiac output syndrome and pulmonary regurgitation being the most common.
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