Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease: Achievements, Unsolved Problems and Treatment Prospects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51699/ijhsms.v2i5.1640Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal replacement therapyAbstract
Recent years have been marked by a dramatic increase in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world. These two big medical problems are closely interrelated, as diabetes has taken a leading position among the causes of kidney disease. Diabetology and nephrology are very costly healthcare sectors. The burden of economic costs allocated to provide renal replacement therapy to patients with DM continues to grow. In this regard, the expediency of a renoprotection program in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which can prevent or slow down the development of end-stage renal disease, is becoming more and more obvious. The implementation of the renoprotection program in patients with DM is based on a conceptual model of the development and progression of DN, which is the result of the combined effect of metabolic and hemodynamic factors modulated by genetic factors.
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Postma M.J., de Zeeuw D. The economic benefits of preventing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2009. - № 24. - P. 2975-298.
USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report. Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease. http://www.ysrds.org/atlas.htm.
Villar E., Chang S.H., McDonald S.P. Incidences, Treatments, Outcomes, and Sex Effect on Survival in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease by Diabetes Status in Australia and New Zealand (1991- 2005) // Diabetes Care. - 2007. - № 30(12) - P. 3070-3076.
Kikkawa R., Kida Y., Haneda M. Nephropathy in type II diabetes - epidemiological issues as viewed from Japan // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 1998. - № 13. - P. 2743-2745.
Djuraeva A. Sh. and Badridinova B. K. "METHODS FOR PREVENTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINAL RENAL FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS." British Medical Journal 2.1 (2022).
Kamalidinovna, B. B. (2022). Features of Phosphoric-Calcium Exchange in Patients Treated with Program Hemodialysis. Research Journal of Trauma and Disability Studies, 1(2), 39–45
Costa-Scharplatz M., van Asselt A.D., Bachmann L.M. et al. Costeffectiveness of pharmacogenetic testing to predict treatment response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor // Pharmacogenet Genomics. - 2007. - № 17. - P. 359-368.
Palmer A.J., Annemans L., Roze S. et al. Cost-effectiveness of early irbesartan treatment versus control (standard antihypertensive medictions excluding ACE inhibitors, other angiotensin-2-receptor antagonist, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers) or late irbesartan treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease // Diabetes Care. - 2004. - № 27. - P. 1897-1903.
NKF-K/DOKI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney diseases: evaluation, classification and stratification // Am. J. Kidney Dis. - 2002. - 39 (suppl. 1). - S17-S31.
Shodieva Nilufar Utkirzhonovna. //Common Facts about Diabetes Mellitus and Preventive Methods of Complications of DM. //International Journal of Health Systems and Medical Sciences//Volume 2 Р. 2833-7433 No 4
Tervaert T.W., Mooyaart A.L., Aman K., Cohen A.H., Cook H.T. et al. Pathologic classification of diabetic nephropathy // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. -2010. - № 21. - P. 556-563.
Orzikulova Sh. A. Relationship of new markers of kidney damage and vascular status in patients with arterial hypertension. Eurasian Medical Research Periodical, 7, 161–166. (2022).
Adler S. Diabetic nephropathy: linking histology, cell biology, and genetics // Kidney Int. - 2004. - № 66. - P. 2095-2106. 88 1/2011 diabetes mellitus diabetic nephropathy
Greive K.A., Nikolic-Patzerson D.J., Guimaraes M.A.M. et al. Glomerular permselectivity factors are not responsible for the increase in fractional clearance of albumin in rat glomerulonephritis // Am. J. Pathol. - 2001 - № 159. - P. 1159-1170.
Brocco E., Fioretto P., Mauer M. et al. Renal structure and function in noninsulin dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria // Kidney Int. - 1997. - № 52. - P. S40-S44.
Schmieder R.E., Scharder J., Zidek W. et al. Low-grade albuminuria and cardiovascular risk: what is the evidence? // Clin. Res. Cardiol. - 2007. - № 96(5). - P. 247-257.
Brantsma A.H., Bakker S.J., Hillege H.L. et al. Urinary albumin excretion and its relation with C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in the prediction of type 2 diabetes // Diabetes Care. - 2005. - № 28(10). - P. 2525-2530.
Formann J.P., Brenner B.M. «Hypertension» and «microalbuminuria»: The bell tolls for thee // Kidney Int. - 2006. - № 69. - P. 22-28. 19. Ginevri F, Piccotti E, Alinovi R, DeToni T, Biagini C, Chiggeri GM, Gusmano
R. Reversible tubular proteinuria precedes microalbuminuria and correlates with the metabolic status of diabetic children // Pediatr. Nephrol . - 1993. - № 7. - P. 23-26.
Kordonouri O, Hartmann R, Mueller C, Danne T, Weber B. Predictive value of tubular markers for the development of microalbuminuria in adolescents with diabetes // Hormone Res. - 1998. - № 50. - S23-S27.
Weitgasser R, Schnoell F, Gappmayer B, Kartnig I. Prospective evaluation of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase with respect to macrovascular disease in elderly type 2 diabetic patients // Diabetes Care. - 1999. - № 22. - P. 1882-1886.
Vaidya V.S., Niewczas M.A., Ficociello L.H., Johnson A.C. et al. Regression of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes is associated with lower levels of urinary injury biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1, and N-acetyl--Dglucosaminidase // Kidney Int. -2010. - Published online.
Petermann A., Floege J. Podocyte damage resulting in podocyturia: a potential diagnostic marker to assess Glomerular disease activity // Nephron Clin. Pract. - 2007. - № 106(2). - P. 61-66.
Nakamura T, Ushiyama C, Suzuki S, Hara M. Urinary excretion of podocytes in patients with diabetic nephropathy // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2000. - № 15. - P. 1379-1383.
Brenner B.M., Hostetter T., Humes H.D. Molecular basis of proteinuria of glomerular origin // N. Engl. J. Med. - 1978. - № 298. - P. 826-833.
Navar L.G., Harrison-Bernard L.M., Imig J.D. et al. Intrarenal angiotensin II generation and renal effects of ATI receptor blockade // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. - 1999. - № 10. - P. 266-272.
Schernthaner G., Ritz E., Schernthaner G-H. Strict glycaemic control in diabetic patients with CKD or ESRD: beneficial or deadly? // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2010. - № 25. - P. 2044-2047.
Patel A., MacMahon S., Chalmers J. et al. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2008. - № 358. - P. 2560-2572.
Diamond J. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: analogies to atherosclerosis // Kidney Int. 1988. - № 33. - P. 917-924.
De Zeeuw D., Remuzzi G., Parving H-H. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL // Kidney Int. - 2004. - № 65(6). - P. 2309-2320.
Dzhuraeva A. Sh., Badridinova B. K. ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF DYSLIPIDIMIA ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PROGRAM HEMODIALYSIS //Art of Medicine. International Medical Scientific Journal. – 2022. – Т. 2. – №.1.
NKF-KDOQI Guidelines on Diabetes and CKD // Am. J. Kid. Dis. - 2007. - № 2 (suppl 2). - S 12-S 143.
Badridinova, B. (2022). RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS. Journal of Physician's Bulletin, 1(3), 41–45
Shamkhalova M.Sh., Zaitseva N.V., Kurumova K.O., Shestakova M.V., Deev A.D., Matskeplishvili S.T., Tugeeva E.F., Buziashvili Yu.I. Contrast-induced nephropathy during coronary angiography in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: risk factors for development, prognostic significance, ways of prevention. archive. - 2009. - No. 8. - S. 36-41.
Shamkhalova M.Sh., Kurumova K.O., Klefortova I.I., Sitkin I.I., Ilyin A.V., Arbuzova M.I., Goncharov N.P., Katsia G.V., Aleksan - firewood A.A., Kukharenko S.S., Shestakova M.V., Dedov I.I. Factors in the development of tubulointerstitial kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus // Diabetes mellitus. - 2010. - No. 3. - S. 134-141.
Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. American Diabetes Association // Diabetes Care. - 2009. - № 32 (1). - S13-S61.
Athyros VG, Mikhalidis DP, Kakafika AI et al. Angiotensin II reactivation and aldosterone escape phenomenon in rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: is oral renin inhibition the solution? // Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. - 2007. - № 8. - P.529-535.
Shestakova M.V., Koshel L.V., Vagodin V.A., Dedov I.I. Risk factors for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with long-term diabetes mellitus according to retrospective analysis // Ter. archive. - 2006. - No. 5. - S. 26-28.
Shamkhalova M.Sh., Trubitsina N.P., Katsaya G.V., Goncharov N.P., Malysheva N.M., Ilyin A.V., Nikankina L.V., Koshel L.V., Shestakova M. .IN. The phenomenon of partial escape of angiotensin II blockade in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy. archive. - 2008. - No. 1. - S. 49-51.
Sugimoto H., Grahovac G., Zeisberg M., Kalluri R. Renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis in a new mouse model of diabetic nephropathy and its regression by bone morphogenic protein-7 and advanced glycation end product inhibitors // Diabetes. - 2007. - № 56(7). - P. 1825-1833.
Liu Y., Yang J. Hepatocyte growth factor: new arsenal in the fights against renal fibrosis? // Kidney Int. - 2006. - № 70. - P. 238-240.
Moon J.A., Kim H.T. IN-1130, a novel transforming growth factorbeta type 1 receptor kinase (ALK5) inhibitor, suppresses renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy // Kidney Int. - 2006. - № 70. - P. 1234-1243.
Meier M., Park J.K., Ovenhau D. et al. Deletion of protein kinase C-beta isoform in vivo reduces renal hypertrophy but not albuminuria in the streptozotocininduced diabetic mouse model // Diabetes. - 2007. - № 56. - P. 356-354.
Chao J., Li H.J. Kinin infusion prevents renal inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity // Hypertension. - 2007. - № 49. - P. 490-497.
Chatziantoniou C., Dussaule J-C. Is kidney injury a reversible process? // Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. - 2008. - № 17. - P. 76-81.
Postma M.J., de Zeeuw D. The economic benefits of preventing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2009. - № 24. - P. 2975-298.
USRDS 2010 Annual Data Report. Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease. http://www.ysrds.org/atlas.htm.
Villar E., Chang S.H., McDonald S.P. Incidences, Treatments, Outcomes, and Sex Effect on Survival in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease by Diabetes Status in Australia and New Zealand (1991- 2005) // Diabetes Care. - 2007. - № 30(12) - P. 3070-3076.
Kikkawa R., Kida Y., Haneda M. Nephropathy in type II diabetes - epidemiological issues as viewed from Japan // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 1998. - № 13. - P. 2743-2745.
Djuraeva A. Sh. and Badridinova B. K. "METHODS FOR PREVENTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINAL RENAL FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS." British Medical Journal 2.1 (2022).
Kamalidinovna, B. B. (2022). Features of Phosphoric-Calcium Exchange in Patients Treated with Program Hemodialysis. Research Journal of Trauma and Disability Studies, 1(2), 39–45
Costa-Scharplatz M., van Asselt A.D., Bachmann L.M. et al. Costeffectiveness of pharmacogenetic testing to predict treatment response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor // Pharmacogenet Genomics. - 2007. - № 17. - P. 359-368.
Palmer A.J., Annemans L., Roze S. et al. Cost-effectiveness of early irbesartan treatment versus control (standard antihypertensive medictions excluding ACE inhibitors, other angiotensin-2-receptor antagonist, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers) or late irbesartan treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease // Diabetes Care. - 2004. - № 27. - P. 1897-1903.
NKF-K/DOKI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney diseases: evaluation, classification and stratification // Am. J. Kidney Dis. - 2002. - 39 (suppl. 1). - S17-S31.
Shodieva Nilufar Utkirzhonovna. //Common Facts about Diabetes Mellitus and Preventive Methods of Complications of DM. //International Journal of Health Systems and Medical Sciences//Volume 2 Р. 2833-7433 No 4
Tervaert T.W., Mooyaart A.L., Aman K., Cohen A.H., Cook H.T. et al. Pathologic classification of diabetic nephropathy // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. -2010. - № 21. - P. 556-563.
Orzikulova Sh. A. Relationship of new markers of kidney damage and vascular status in patients with arterial hypertension. Eurasian Medical Research Periodical, 7, 161–166. (2022).
Adler S. Diabetic nephropathy: linking histology, cell biology, and genetics // Kidney Int. - 2004. - № 66. - P. 2095-2106. 88 1/2011 diabetes mellitus diabetic nephropathy
Greive K.A., Nikolic-Patzerson D.J., Guimaraes M.A.M. et al. Glomerular permselectivity factors are not responsible for the increase in fractional clearance of albumin in rat glomerulonephritis // Am. J. Pathol. - 2001 - № 159. - P. 1159-1170.
Brocco E., Fioretto P., Mauer M. et al. Renal structure and function in noninsulin dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria // Kidney Int. - 1997. - № 52. - P. S40-S44.
Schmieder R.E., Scharder J., Zidek W. et al. Low-grade albuminuria and cardiovascular risk: what is the evidence? // Clin. Res. Cardiol. - 2007. - № 96(5). - P. 247-257.
Brantsma A.H., Bakker S.J., Hillege H.L. et al. Urinary albumin excretion and its relation with C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in the prediction of type 2 diabetes // Diabetes Care. - 2005. - № 28(10). - P. 2525-2530.
Formann J.P., Brenner B.M. «Hypertension» and «microalbuminuria»: The bell tolls for thee // Kidney Int. - 2006. - № 69. - P. 22-28. 19. Ginevri F, Piccotti E, Alinovi R, DeToni T, Biagini C, Chiggeri GM, Gusmano
R. Reversible tubular proteinuria precedes microalbuminuria and correlates with the metabolic status of diabetic children // Pediatr. Nephrol . - 1993. - № 7. - P. 23-26.
Kordonouri O, Hartmann R, Mueller C, Danne T, Weber B. Predictive value of tubular markers for the development of microalbuminuria in adolescents with diabetes // Hormone Res. - 1998. - № 50. - S23-S27.
Weitgasser R, Schnoell F, Gappmayer B, Kartnig I. Prospective evaluation of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase with respect to macrovascular disease in elderly type 2 diabetic patients // Diabetes Care. - 1999. - № 22. - P. 1882-1886.
Vaidya V.S., Niewczas M.A., Ficociello L.H., Johnson A.C. et al. Regression of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes is associated with lower levels of urinary injury biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1, and N-acetyl--Dglucosaminidase // Kidney Int. -2010. - Published online.
Petermann A., Floege J. Podocyte damage resulting in podocyturia: a potential diagnostic marker to assess Glomerular disease activity // Nephron Clin. Pract. - 2007. - № 106(2). - P. 61-66.
Nakamura T, Ushiyama C, Suzuki S, Hara M. Urinary excretion of podocytes in patients with diabetic nephropathy // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2000. - № 15. - P. 1379-1383.
Brenner B.M., Hostetter T., Humes H.D. Molecular basis of proteinuria of glomerular origin // N. Engl. J. Med. - 1978. - № 298. - P. 826-833.
Navar L.G., Harrison-Bernard L.M., Imig J.D. et al. Intrarenal angiotensin II generation and renal effects of ATI receptor blockade // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. - 1999. - № 10. - P. 266-272.
Schernthaner G., Ritz E., Schernthaner G-H. Strict glycaemic control in diabetic patients with CKD or ESRD: beneficial or deadly? // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2010. - № 25. - P. 2044-2047.
Patel A., MacMahon S., Chalmers J. et al. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes // N. Engl. J. Med. - 2008. - № 358. - P. 2560-2572.
Diamond J. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: analogies to atherosclerosis // Kidney Int. 1988. - № 33. - P. 917-924.
De Zeeuw D., Remuzzi G., Parving H-H. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL // Kidney Int. - 2004. - № 65(6). - P. 2309-2320.
Dzhuraeva A. Sh., Badridinova B. K. ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF DYSLIPIDIMIA ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS RECEIVING PROGRAM HEMODIALYSIS //Art of Medicine. International Medical Scientific Journal. – 2022. – Т. 2. – №.1.
NKF-KDOQI Guidelines on Diabetes and CKD // Am. J. Kid. Dis. - 2007. - № 2 (suppl 2). - S 12-S 143.
Badridinova, B. (2022). RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS. Journal of Physician's Bulletin, 1(3), 41–45
Shamkhalova M.Sh., Zaitseva N.V., Kurumova K.O., Shestakova M.V., Deev A.D., Matskeplishvili S.T., Tugeeva E.F., Buziashvili Yu.I. Contrast-induced nephropathy during coronary angiography in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: risk factors for development, prognostic significance, ways of prevention. archive. - 2009. - No. 8. - S. 36-41.
Shamkhalova M.Sh., Kurumova K.O., Klefortova I.I., Sitkin I.I., Ilyin A.V., Arbuzova M.I., Goncharov N.P., Katsia G.V., Aleksan - firewood A.A., Kukharenko S.S., Shestakova M.V., Dedov I.I. Factors in the development of tubulointerstitial kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus // Diabetes mellitus. - 2010. - No. 3. - S. 134-141.
Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. American Diabetes Association // Diabetes Care. - 2009. - № 32 (1). - S13-S61.
Athyros VG, Mikhalidis DP, Kakafika AI et al. Angiotensin II reactivation and aldosterone escape phenomenon in rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: is oral renin inhibition the solution? // Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. - 2007. - № 8. - P.529-535.
Shestakova M.V., Koshel L.V., Vagodin V.A., Dedov I.I. Risk factors for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with long-term diabetes mellitus according to retrospective analysis // Ter. archive. - 2006. - No. 5. - S. 26-28.
Shamkhalova M.Sh., Trubitsina N.P., Katsaya G.V., Goncharov N.P., Malysheva N.M., Ilyin A.V., Nikankina L.V., Koshel L.V., Shestakova M. .IN. The phenomenon of partial escape of angiotensin II blockade in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy. archive. - 2008. - No. 1. - S. 49-51.
Sugimoto H., Grahovac G., Zeisberg M., Kalluri R. Renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis in a new mouse model of diabetic nephropathy and its regression by bone morphogenic protein-7 and advanced glycation end product inhibitors // Diabetes. - 2007. - № 56(7). - P. 1825-1833.
Liu Y., Yang J. Hepatocyte growth factor: new arsenal in the fights against renal fibrosis? // Kidney Int. - 2006. - № 70. - P. 238-240.
Moon J.A., Kim H.T. IN-1130, a novel transforming growth factorbeta type 1 receptor kinase (ALK5) inhibitor, suppresses renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy // Kidney Int. - 2006. - № 70. - P. 1234-1243.
Meier M., Park J.K., Ovenhau D. et al. Deletion of protein kinase C-beta isoform in vivo reduces renal hypertrophy but not albuminuria in the streptozotocininduced diabetic mouse model // Diabetes. - 2007. - № 56. - P. 356-354.
Chao J., Li H.J. Kinin infusion prevents renal inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity // Hypertension. - 2007. - № 49. - P. 490-497.
Chatziantoniou C., Dussaule J-C. Is kidney injury a reversible process? // Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. - 2008. - № 17. - P. 76-81.
