Response of Growth, Yield and Content of Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.) fruits of Active Ingredients by Influence of planting distance Between Rows and Spraying of Nano-Iron

Abstract

A field experiment was implemented during a winter season of 2023 in the Botanical Garden of the College of Basic Education - Al-Mustansiriya University to find out the response of growth, yield and content of coriander seeds of active ingredients by influence of planting distance between rows and spraying of nano-iron. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to split-plots arranging was used with three replications. The main plots including three distances between rows (10, 20 and 30 cm), whilst the sub plots included spraying of two concentrations of nano-iron (10 and 20 mg L^-1) as well as spraying of distilled water (0 mg nano-Fe L^-1). The results revealed that the 30 cm distance between rows was significantly excelled in the main branches number, chlorophyll index, fruits number and fruits content of essential oil (7.74 branch plant^-1, 34.12 Spad, 86.42 fruit plant^-1 and 2.48%) sequentially, while the 10 cm distance between rows was significantly superiority in the plant height and 1000-fruits weight (66.13 cm and 12.97 g) sequentially. The plant that sprayed with nano-iron at a concentration of 10 mg L^-1 was significantly superiority in the main branches number, chlorophyll index and fruits number (7.30 branch plant^-1, 34.61 Spad and 85.83 fruit plant^-1) sequentially, whereas the spraying of nano-iron at a 20 mg L^-1 was significantly superiority in the plant height, 1000-fruits weight and fruits content of essential oil (66.65 cm, 11.60 g and 2.33%) sequentially. The di-interaction had significant effect on the most of studied traits. Further, the results of HPLC analysis indicated a difference in the percentages of the active ingredients (camphor, limonene and linalool) of coriander essential oil.