Linguistic Features of Russian Phraseological Units Expressing the Emotional State of a Person

The study of languages in comparative terms is aimed at establishing linguistic universals characteristic of all languages or a group of languages and identifying specific features - unique features inherent in only one of the compared languages.


INTRODUCTION
The growth of intercultural relations and the universal processes of integration and convergence of national languages lead to an increase in the importance of studying commonality in different structural languages, which is due to the universal nature of the main logical categories, the oldest forms of cultural awareness of the world.The differences of individual languages are explained by their relative independence in determining the role of thinking, the absence of a straightforward and unambiguous dependence of linguistic phenomena on thinking.The above supports our idea that the identification and study of common or similar features creates conditions for a better understanding of particular, specific features inherent in one of the compared languages, the study of which contributes to the establishment of common features between the compared languages.
As you know, phraseology is a kind of indicator of the general and specific of each nation, reflects the specifics and originality of the language, culture, way of life, tradition, history, mentality and stereotype of consciousness.In addition, phraseological units are the most "peculiar elements of the lexical-phraseological system" of languages that have the ability to penetrate into other languages and enrich them.
A detailed study of the phraseological fund of the language is possible when studying its individual microsystems.In this regard, we selected a group of FE expressing the human condition in Russian, English and Tatar as a study.This is explained, firstly, by the fact that they have not become the subject of special research; secondly, the studied FE occupy a significant layer in the phraseological fund of the languages under consideration; thirdly, these FE fix the basic human states and help to realize how various states of native speakers of these languages manifest and are experienced; fourth, despite the clarity of scientific positions, the state of knowledge of the issue of displaying the human condition in language remains extremely unsatisfactory.In this regard, there are certain difficulties for linguists who address the problems of language support of various types of human condition.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thus, the appeal to phraseological units as linguoculturological units, in the figurative basis of which the worldview of the Russian, English and Tatar peoples is imprinted, determines the relevance of our research.
The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the comparative analysis of phraseological units expressing the human condition is carried out in three unrelated languages of different systems: Russian, English and Tatar, which makes it possible to determine universal features and national- The object of the study was 1215 FE of Russian, 843 FE of English and 1232 FE of Tatar languages, selected by a continuous sampling method from monolingual and bilingual explanatory, synonymic, phraseological and etymological dictionaries.The works of Russian, English, American and Tatar authors, as well as periodicals (newspapers, magazines, the Internet) were also processed.
The subject of the study is the structural and semantic properties of the FE expressing the human condition in Russian, English and Tatar languages.
The aim of the study is to identify the similarities and differences of phraseological units expressing the human condition in the Russian, English and Tatar languages, to determine the interlanguage correspondences of phraseological units.This goal involves solving the following tasks: ➢ to determine the selection criteria and establish a representative corpus of FE expressing the human condition in Russian, English and Tatar languages; ➢ to determine with the help of translation the actual meaning of each FE for the most complete description of the internal form, images and symbolism of phraseological units; ➢ describe the structural and grammatical classification of FE expressing the human condition in the languages under consideration; ➢ to identify and describe the semantic fields of the FE expressing the human condition in the contacting languages; ➢ to establish the universal and cultural-national in the phraseological funds of the compared languages in order to detect the features of the national mentality; ➢ to identify the main figurative sources of FE expressing the human condition in the languages under consideration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The specifics of the material under study and the tasks set in the dissertation work determined the choice of methods of linguistic analysis.The main methods used in the dissertation are: the comparative typological method, the method of semantic field, the method of component analysis, the method of phraseological identification, as well as the inductive method in identifying and interpreting the national cultural specifics of the FE expressing the human condition.
The theoretical significance of the research lies in the fact that this dissertation work reveals the general and specific features of the FE expressing the human condition in the compared languages, makes a certain contribution to the creation of a general theory of linguoculturology and contributes to the further development of provisions related to the relationship between language and culture.The theoretical significance of the work also lies in the fact that denotative and connotative macro-components of the FE expressing the human condition in the languages under consideration are subjected to in-depth study, which makes it possible to identify the main trends in the formation and enrichment of the phraseological fund on a comparative-typological basis.Comparative study of the selected fragment of the linguistic picture of the world on the material of Russian, English and Tatar FE helps to establish the role of imagery in the process of understanding the meaning of FE.
The practical significance of the work is seen in the possibility of using these studies for linguistic and pedagogical purposes: in compiling monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, explanatory dictionaries, and in -publishing.com2835-1924 /© 2024 The Authors.Published by Academic Journal INC.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/) 74 cultural features in the languages studied.In the work, the figurative and motivational foundations of phraseological units of the specified semantic orientation are determined and investigated in detail.