INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SYSTEMS AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

Effect of Silymarin on the Levels of Thyroid Hormones in Rats Induced Hypothyroidism by Propylthiouracil (PTU)

2024-03-15T16:48:23+00:00

The purpose of this research was to identify any potential protective benefits of silymarin against the thyroid-damaging effects of PTU in male rats, with a focus on antioxidants and thyroid hormones. The following is the breakdown of the six groups comprised of four male rats with an average weight of 190 ± 10 grammes and an age of 90 days: C: For 30 days, 10 male rats in the control group were given distilled water orally. Phase 1: Ten male rats were given PTU (10 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. Subject 2: Ten male rats were given silymarin orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight for a duration of 30 days. T3: 10 male rats were given PTU (10 mg/kg b.w.) and Silymarin (200 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. Rats given PTU or silymarin had significantly different thyroid hormone levels, according to the present study. These results show that silymarin may have the ability to regulate thyroid hormone levels in hypothyroidism caused by PTU and imply that there is a complicated interaction between the three factors. To further understand how silymarin works and how long it takes to see results in treating thyroid diseases, more studies are required. Research also shows that silymarin may help with PTU-induced hypothyroidism by increasing GSH levels, decreasing lipid peroxidation, and improving antioxidant enzyme activity. One possible way to combat the oxidative stress that hypothyroidism causes is to take silymarin supplements. To further understand how silymarin works and how long it takes to see results in treating thyroid diseases, more studies are required.

A Study on the Fungus Agaricus bisporus and Observing the Effect of Cultivation Periods and Cultivation Media on the Growth of This Fungus

2024-04-04T06:33:44+00:00

The study aimed to know the effect of different culture media and cultivation period on the growth of fungus Agarigus bisporus, and cultivation was done on Petri dishes using different culture media containing nanomaterials (PDA medium (comparative), medium containing wheat bran, medium containing wheat bran nanoparticles, Cultivation medium containing compost extract, culture medium containing nanocompost extract). The results showed an increase in the growth of the fungus Agaricus bisporus during 15 days of the experiment period, and the growth increased due to the superiority of all treatments with significant differences, and the use of these media led to an increase in the productivity of the fungus in all types of culture media used under study. No significant differences appeared between the average cultivation period for the samples under cultivation in the period 5 and 10 days, while they appeared on the 15th day.

Liver Function Test among Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2024-03-27T15:20:47+00:00

NAFLD is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide, and is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and body fat imbalance. The disease is classified into two main types: simple fatty liver, which does not usually lead to liver damage, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to scarring (fibrosis) of the liver or even liver failure. The effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on liver function levels and the relationship between them. The study included 75 patients with NAFLD, 34 males and 41 females, 18-75 years of age, they are diagnosed by ultrasound at GIT & hepatobiliary, and other group as control group included 81 apparently healthy subjucts 46 males and 35 females, 18-75 years of age. Physiological measurements include waist circumference, height, weight, BP, Approximately 5 ml of venous blood samples were obtained from both control individuals and patients with NAFLD after 10-12 hour overnight fasting by using sterile disposable syringes for the assessment of total serum bilirubin, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The results shows a significant increase in the levels of AST and ALT (P<0.01) in patients group, while there is non-significant change (P>0.05) in each of total TSB, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, total protein, albumin and globulin. The results were based on the determination of unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The serum of people who have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may contain elevated levels of AST and ALT. Because bilirubin, albumin, globulin, and total protein do not have any effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is reasonable to assume that their levels do not change in people with NAFLD.

The Biochemical Changes in Parkinsonism-Dementia-Exploring Theamyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Complex: A Clinical Case Study and Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment

2024-04-25T06:02:27+00:00

The Parkinsonism-Dementia-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (PD-ALS) complex, initially identified in Guam, poses diagnostic challenges due to its rarity. This study presents a clinical case to elucidate the nosological and pathogenetic implications of this neurodegenerative disease, particularly in populations where this association is unexpected. A patient of Iraqi origin manifested systemic symptoms evolving over 5 years, followed by cognitive alterations and subsequently developing gait disturbances and motor symptoms suggestive of parkinsonism with atypical features. Motor neuron disease signs were also observed, confirmed by extension studies revealing the involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons. A mutation in the POLG gene associated with mitochondrial depletion syndrome was identified. Diagnosing the PD-ALS complex remains clinically challenging, with molecular mechanisms yet to be fully understood. Common genes associated with parkinsonism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been ruled out, and attempts to localize the locus have yielded inconclusive results. Unfortunately, the prognosis remains fatal, and there are no disease-modifying treatments available. This case underscores the importance of further research into this complex neurodegenerative disease and the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The association between parkinsonism-dementia and ALS is an infrequent entity and difficult to diagnose clinically for inexperienced doctors, for whom it represents a diagnostic challenge. Due to the unfavorable prognosis of the disease and the functional limitation it confers, many times, it is not possible to conclude the diagnosis or provide adequate follow-up. The importance of knowing the clinical data of motor neuron disease and the warning of Parkinsonism has made it possible to standardize the diagnostic conduct from the first evaluation.

During Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy, Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome are Given a Dexmedetomidine Infusion to Help with Pain Management and to Avoid Emerging Agitation

2024-03-19T15:29:57+00:00

An α2-specific agonist is the medication used to control analgesia; it has been demonstrated to be beneficial in reducing the amount of opioids needed and reducing emergence agitation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative benefits of continuous intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine vs a single dose of fentanyl during surgery for avoiding emerging agitation and perioperative painkiller usage in children with OSA undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Study of the Heavy Elements of the Al-Kharazi Water Course Inside the University of Mosul

2024-04-24T11:12:04+00:00

This study investigated the levels of heavy metal contaminants (copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead) in water samples collected from the Al-Kharazi watercourse traversing the University of Mosul campus over four seasons in 2022 and 2023. Water samples were taken from five stations along the watercourse and analyzed for dissolved and particulate phases of the heavy metals. The heavy metals have been extracted using a standard method and their concentrations in river water and sediments have been estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed mean concentrations of 0.0527 ± 0.0131 mg/L for cadmium, 0.0178 ± 0.0051 mg/L for lead, 0.0145 ± 0.002 mg/L for dissolved copper, and 3.232 ± 0.635 mg/L for zinc across all seasons. Substantial discrepancies were noted among seasons and across various sampling sites. At specific sites and during certain seasons, the levels of cadmium and lead were discovered to surpass the drinking water guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The research shows that there is a significant amount of heavy metal pollution, particularly cadmium, in the Al-Kharazi watercourse. This contamination is most likely caused by human activities in the university area. It is advisable to regularly assess and apply solutions to mitigate the risks of heavy metal contamination to both the aquatic environment and human health.

Dynamics of the Reactivity of the Autonomic Nervous System, the Hormone Estradiol, the Oxidized, Antioxidant System and Indicators of Endogenous Intoxication of Female Rats in the Post-Intensive Care Period After Modeling 10-Minute Clinical Death

2024-03-15T17:46:55+00:00

Any extreme factors acting on the body provides oxidative stress, which, being a universal system that destroys the cellular structures of the body, is currently being thoroughly studied in various pathological conditions around the world. At the same time, the prooxidant, antioxidant system, and indicators of endogenous intoxication of MSM254 and MSM280 in violation of the reproductive system of females in the post-intensive care period have been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study is to identify the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system, the content of estradiol, malondialdehyde, catalase and indicators of endogenous intoxication in female rats in the post-intensive care period after modeling 10-minute clinical death. The object of the study was 15 mongrel, white, sexually mature female rats weighing from 160-180 g., in which the state of post-intensive care disease was simulated. In the early post-intensive care period, within 24 hours after modeling a 10-minute clinical death in the body of female rats during estrus and diestrus. It was revealed against the background of a predominance of the tone of the sympathetic nervous system, increased concentrations of estradiol, malondialdehyde and the index of endogenous intoxication - MSM 254 against the background of a decrease in catalase activity and protein stability index.

Outcome of Three Levels Prefilled Cervical Interbody Fusion without Plates after Anterior Cervical Discectomy

2024-04-19T07:55:05+00:00

Prefilled Cervical interbody fusion by synthetic bone without plate Facilitates the retention of physiological lordosis and cervical spine stability in patients who have undergone cervical discectomy by anterior approach, a secure and efficacious treatment for disc herniation or spondylosis. Several spine specialists advocate the incorporation of a plate system to boost outcomes. According to literature findings, surgery involving three levels results in reduced fusion rates. Sixty-three person with cervical radicular pain and nine with myelopathy underwent anterior discectomy and fusion with prefilled or (Impregnated) cervical cages by anterior approach between July 2012 and June 2022 were included in the study without using plate systems. There was a total of 72 individuals, comprising of 48 males and 24 females, whose average age amounted to 54.33 years, falling within a range of 33 to 73 years, In variable hospitals of Erbil city. All cases took (an MRI), and 35 among them also took a C-Scan for preoperative assessment. All cases exhibited improvement in radiculopathy following surgery. However, myelopathy persisted in only three patients. After 12 months, 96% of patients demonstrated the fusion of surgically treated discs, as confirmed by an X-ray of the cervical spine region. Cervical lordosis was reinstated in nearly all patients who had lost it prior to the operation. No complications stemming from cage extrusion were reported and there were no instances of symptomatic pseudarthrosis. The inclusion of impregnated interbody fusions serves to impart a load-sharing capability and enhance spinal stability, thereby resulting in augmented segmental stiffness. This, in turn, leads to similar fusion rates as those elicited by bone grafts, even in cases of cervical degenerative disease spanning three levels.

A Framework for Patient-Centric Consent Management Using Blockchain Smart Contracts in Predictive Analysis for Healthcare Industry

2024-04-02T03:43:51+00:00

This paper explores the development and evaluation of a blockchain-powered consent management system designed to enhance patient autonomy and security in healthcare predictive analytics. By leveraging blockchain technology, the proposed system introduces a robust framework for managing patient consent in a transparent, immutable, and secure manner. The system architecture prioritizes patient privacy, incorporating a permissioned blockchain model, Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism, and smart contracts with detailed consent logic. These elements facilitate a dynamic and user-centric approach to consent management, allowing patients to grant, revoke, or modify their consent in real time. A pilot study and simulated environment are proposed to evaluate the system's usability, security, and timeliness of consent updates. The anticipated outcomes suggest significant improvements in patient control over health data, compliance with regulatory standards, and auditability of consent actions. This research underscores the potential of blockchain technology to revolutionize consent management in healthcare, promising a future where patient data is managed with unparalleled integrity and respect.

Examining the Impact and Complexity of Sinusitis Complications in the Iraqi Population and their Treatment

2024-04-25T08:07:53+00:00

Sinusitis is the most prevalent of all known chronic diseases, affecting 35% of the population in Iraq. The complications of sinusitis are serious due to the importance of the anatomical structures surrounding the paranasal sinuses, resulting in high morbidity and mortality (18–20%). This study was specialized to analyze the impact of sinusitis complications and its treatment on Iraqi patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with sinusitis that recruited 102 patients who underwent surgery for endoscopic sinusitis in different hospitals in Iraq for the period between February 15, 2022, and February 27, 2023. This study recorded all clinical and surgical data of patients during and after endoscopic surgery, which included the duration of the surgical procedure, the percentage of patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the percentage of patients who experienced nausea or vomiting after surgery, the duration of follow-up, the complication rate, the pain rate, and the quality of patients after endoscopic sinusitis surgery. The rate of male patients was highest at 68.63%, compared to the rate of female patients, which was 31.37%. The most common symptoms that patients experienced were nasal congestion, which affected 30 patients, and cough, which affected 26 patients. Patients with recurrent acute sinusitis (25.49%) were second, making up 40.20% of the total. The length of hospital stay was 2.85 ± 0.34, one patient was admitted to the intensive care unit, and the rate of non-operative ventilation was 4.9%; postoperative complications were 5 cases out of the total number of patients; psychological function was 67.98 ± 8.86; and after surgery, it was 92.44 ± 4.35; the physical aspect was 40.79 ± 21.68 before surgery and 89.77 ± 6.55 after surgery. The current study demonstrates that sinusitis surgery is the most effective surgical procedure, as it lowers complication and pain rates and enhances the quality of life for sinusitis patients.

Foreign Body in the Respiratory Tract

2024-03-27T13:48:48+00:00

The article presents a case of a foreign body being in the respiratory tract for 12 years. Clinical manifestations of aspirated foreign bodies are subject to certain patterns. They are determined by the size, shape, properties and localization of the foreign body, its effect on the respiratory zones of the respiratory tract and the response of the respiratory tract to such irritation, the nature of the violation of laryngotracheobronchal patency and inflammatory changes in the lower respiratory tract and lungs.

Evaluation and Treatment of the Incidence of Otomycosis in Patients Visiting the ENT Clinic

2024-04-25T05:06:40+00:00

Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the outer ear that causes more than 9% of external otitis, and 80% of cases are caused by Aspergillus. This study aimed to analyse and assess outcomes related to patients with otomycosis during visits to the ENT clinic. The current study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of patients with otomycosis, which include 110 who underwent treatment during the first and second visits to the ear, nose, and throat clinic, which lasted 30 days. The clinical results of the patients were collected before and after treatment, which included medications associated with the treatment of otomycosis, which included both betadine and clotrimazole, which lasted 30 days during the first and second visits. This study evaluated patients with otomycosis before and after treatment in terms of the severity of symptoms, degree of pain, and patient’s quality of life. This study recorded the results of patients with otomycosis, which showed that patients between the ages of 40 and 49 had the highest rate of 36.36%. The most common symptoms are itching, which included 77 patients, and pain, which included 22 patients. The reasons that make patients more they are susceptible to otomycosis as 33 patients were infected as a result of using a hearing aid, 28 patients were infected as a result of water entering the ear, and 20 patients were infected as a result of using a hearing aid. In the presence of oil in the ear, 14 patients responded to betadine treatment, and ten patients responded to clotrimazole treatment in the first visit period. We also found that 87 patients responded to betadine treatment, and 97 patients responded to clotrimazole treatment in the second visit period. We evaluated symptom severity in patients with otomycosis, where the symptom score was 89.10 ± 4.25 at the first visit and 11.79 ± 2.58 at the second visit. Our study confirmed that the treatments betadine and clotrimazole demonstrate the effectiveness of their therapeutic effects on patients with otomycosis.

Physical Fitness and Physical Load Moderation

2024-03-17T14:06:27+00:00

In this article, the physical of military servicers training, improving the physical loads given to them and the standards they perform, further developing the acquired knowledge and practical skill, and showing that military servicemen are given the right loads.

Circular RNAs in Tumor Therapy

2024-04-24T10:00:44+00:00

Contrary to the common belief that circRNAs are "mistakes" in RNA splicing, mammalian cells really contain a large number of highly conserved circRNAs. CircRNAs may produce miRNA inhibitors that are stable and potent. Nevertheless, many questions regarding the role of circRNAs remain to be resolved. First off, circular RNAs have the same ability to stop the spread of cancer as long noncoding RNAs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs that lack poly (A) tails on either the 3′or 5′ends. Over 100,000 genes are known to encode circRNAs. Clinical data indicates that circRNAs, which exhibit variable expression in several disorders, including cancer, may serve a regulatory role in some conditions and diseases. Recent studies demonstrate that As an endogenous competitive RNA, circRNA can control the invasion, growth, and other physiological functions of tumor cells. Additionally, some circRNAs located in the nucleus can regulate the translation of the parent gene by binding to RNA polymerase II.