Maha Mohammed, Riyam Haleem, Zaid Abdulhussein, Mohammed Abbood Al-Maliky, Noor Musa, Mustafa Wathiq Abdul Kareem, Hind H. Enad, Maher M.jwaid, Hanady Abbas Jaafar Al Alalaq and Mayyadah Hasan Rhaif Al-Sahlanee 2023. Overview of Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: In Vitro Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SYSTEMS AND MEDICAL SCIENCES. 2, 10 (Oct. 2023), 5–17. DOI:https://doi.org/10.51699/ijhsms.v2i10.2644.