International Journal of Biological Engineering and Agriculture

Species Composition and Distribution of the Main Pests in the Agrobiocenosis of Vegetable Soybean Crops

Mirxalil Urazbekovich Xoldorov — Tue, 23 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents the results of monitoring on soybean plants, where 31 species of entomophages belonging to 2 classes, 7 genera and 31 species were identified. Of these entomophages, 9 species were found to be more common, 8 species were in average abundance, and the remaining species were in smaller abundance.

Mathematical Model of a Vineyard Cultivator

А. Т. Musurmonov, Х. В. Utaganov, U. O. Ochildiev — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents information to describe the movement of a vineyard cultivator, the basics of the concept of graph theory are used, in which various interaction forces arise in articulated joints, a fixed rectangular system is chosen as an inertial coordinate system, as a multi-mass system. A general model of the vineyard cultivator functioning will use the most general principle of dynamics - the Dalembert principle.

Phytochemical Investigation for Some Species of Galium L. (Rubiaceae) by Utilizing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MAS) in Iraq

Rabieuh Salman Hamid, Balqees Hadi Al-Musawi, Neepal Imtair Al-Garaawi — Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ten biologically active phytochemical compounds have been recognized in the methanolic extract of the aparine plant—eleven biologically active phytochemical compounds. The phytochemical complex depends about chemical name, exaction mass, MS parts, and the structure of chemical. GC-MS analysis of plant cetassium. Detect the presence of cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane; Pentasiloxane, Dodecamethyl Dodecamethylpentasiloxane; Neovitadiene2,6,10-trimethyl-14-ethylene-14-pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester palmitic acid, methyl ester hexadecanoic acid (HexA) methyl ester methylene 2,9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, phytol methyl ester, octadecanoic acid (OctA), methyl ester (MethE), 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-(CAS) squalene Squalene Suberin S Vitamin E dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol,3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2- (4,8,12)-trimethyltridecyl; 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene; Stigmasterol, 22,23dihydro-while GC-MS analysis of plant apart was performed. Detect the presence of Pentasiloxane, dodecamethyl- Dodecamethylpentasiloxane; HexA, methyl ester (CAS) Methyl palmitate Methyl hexadecanoate Methyl N-hexadecanoate; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, MethE; 9,12,15-Octadecatatrienoic Acid, Methyl Ester (CAS) Methyl 9,12,15-Octadecatatrienoate; 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexane, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-(CAS) squalene squalene suberin S; Gibberellin A3 Gibb-3-ene-1,10-dicarboxylic acid, 2,4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylene-,1,4a-lactone, (1.alpha, vitamin E, 13-Methyl-Z-14-nonacosine;(23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.-ol Cholest-5-en-3-ol, 23-ethyl-, (3.beta.,23S) - (CAS 1,3-dimethyl-4-azaphenanthrene).

Placentitis and Determination of Alpha-fetoprotein in the Serum of a Rats Infected with Experimental Toxoplasmosis

Zainab Ali Hussein — Tue, 12 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Toxoplasma gondii is the cause of toxoplasmosis, which can be congenital or acquired. The parasite is an obligate intracellular protozoan It represents one of the most common parasites among population groups. It is thought because vertical transmission of a T. gondii infection from a woman having systemic infection to the fetus causes congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). According to age-adjusted statistics from a recent French study, approximately 31% of pregnant women have antibodies against T. gondii. The current study included the isolation of the T. gondii parasite from placenta samples of aborted women infected with Toxoplasma who visited Bint Al-Huda teaching hospital in Thi-Qar province of southern Iraq. After confirming the presence of the parasite stages in those samples, 0.3 ml of the parasite suspension was injected into the peritoneum of female white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The animals were divided into two groups, an uninfected group as a control group that was given Normal Slaine solution, and a second group infected with the toxoplasma parasite, rats were placed for mating, and after confirming pregnancy and determining the first day of pregnancy, they were killed by ether and explained in the last trimester of pregnancy for gross and histological examinations. In contrast with pregnant rats given via saline, toxoplasmosis led to Elevated alpha-fetoprotein in mother serum levels and placental inflammatory, high levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were linked to adverse pregnancy results, that resulted in malformed and sometimes congenital fetuses. High (AFP) is associated with the occurrence of weak and deformed births. It was noted in our current study that placental inflammation resulting from toxoplasmosis may have led to high levels of alpha-fetoprotein in the mother’s serum. Our current study may be a model for other future studies to shed more light on the damage resulting from infection with the toxoplasmosis.

Some Medicinal Plants and Their Ways of Using Them for Medication

Murooj Abbas Buhlool Al-Ghizzi, Wesan Fadhel Khalef — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Medical plants are defined as plants with medical advantages and characteristics capable of healing and treating the human and animal body from disease. Throughout history, medicinal plants have been utilized as a primary therapy for a wide range of disorders in diverse cultures. This is especially true in Africa and emerging nations, where 80% of the world's population still employs these plants in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. Medical plants possess many biological properties that need to be detected, identified and documented for safe use and to guide others on how to use them, with some powerful medical plants having harmful side effects on humans and animals and sometimes potentially toxic to the destruction of body organs. Since the beginning of time, medicinal plants have been found and utilized in traditional medicine. Hundreds of chemical components of plants that may be exploited to control fungus, insects, and illnesses were synthesized by them. Numerous phytochemicals with demonstrated or possible bioactivity have been found, but the fact that a large number of diverse chemicals are owned by a plant has made the use of the plant completely ineffective and has hindered microscientific research aimed at establishing the efficacy and safety of these compounds by evaluating their activities in several plants.

Lepidoptera of Kampirtepa and Tangidara Branch of Surkhan State Reserve

Devonova Nigora Komiljonovna, Devanova Nargiza Mamatkulovna — Wed, 27 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article provides information about lepidopterax living in the Kampirtepa and Tangidara areas of the Surkhan State Reserve. Special nets were used to collect butterflies. A collection was prepared from the collected materials. Specifiers are used to determine species composition. Among the representatives of the order Lepidoptera, many species belonging to the family Nymphalidae have been identified.

Impact of the Air Temperature on Dust Storm in Middle and Southern Iraq

Asmaa K. Hammoodi, Ahmed S. Hassan, Jasim H. Kadhum — Tue, 23 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Dust storms (DS) are a part of the climatic phenomenon in most semi-arid regions worldwide. The environment of DS is characterized by the suspension and transport of fine particles of dust in the atmosphere. The association between air temperature (AT) and visibility was investigated. AT data came from the ERA-5, the fifth version of ECMWF, as hourly data for the Iraq region period (2008-2022). The second data came from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology, where visibility is available for most of Iraq for the same time cases. The results were shown for both cases through mid-DS, where visibility was (300m), and AT increased by more than 10 OKs, the opposite relationship between AT and visibility. Analyzed of DS point to the AT decreased before visibility by a quarter wave of DS, AT considered a significant function for DS genesis. The track of DS attacked Baghdad first, then transferred to Najaf and Nasiriya, which took two hours. DS became dispersions after decreased AT and clear visibility to declare the end of DS.

History of Construction of Hydraulic Structures and Its General Concepts

Dildora Bahodirovna Salimova — Sat, 23 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article entitled “A Brief History of the Construction of Hydraulic Structures and General Concepts about Hydraulic Structures” contains historical information about canals located in the geographical areas of Central Asia, their water sources, as well as scientific facts about water supply technology. Storage in these canals, as well as the basics and concepts of the construction of hydraulic structures.

Morphological and Biological Development of Fasciola Hepatica Larvae in a Mollusk

Urokov K. H., Daminov A. S., Taylakova M. Sh., Yunusov H. B., Nurullayev A. A. — Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents an analysis of literary data on the gastropod mollusk family Lymnaedae, which is an intermediate host of fasciolae, as well as the results of studies conducted in 2010-2023 on the stages of development of fasciolae parthenites in the body of mollusks.

Mechanical and Biological Potentials of AgNPs-fortified Gelatin Film Derived from Fish Skin

Eman M. A. Al-Kherssani, Adnan W. H. Al-Mudhaffar — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Biodegradable films were prepared using fish skins treated with silver nanoparticles and gelatin as biodegradable polymers. Different volume of silver nanoparticle solution (15, 10, and 5 ml) were used in producing the edible films. the films were evaluated for their inhibitory effectiveness against some types of bacteria that cause food spoilage. The results showed that the gelatin films containing 10 ml of silver nanoparticle solution gave effective activity against Bacteria for all strains tested. The results also showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of the coating supported with silver nanoparticles, as the thickness increased to 0.9 mm compared to the regular control gelatin film of 0.5 mm. Therefore, the tensile strength and elongation rate of the nano-silver treated films increased compared to the control regular coatings. The results also showed that the solubility of the regular gelatin film was 45.2% which significantly diffed from the solubility of the Nano-silver gelatin treated film, which recorded approximately half the solubility (23.3%).

Analysis of Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution of Honey and Honey Wines

Zaza Baazov — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the influence of amino acids released during pollen fermentation on the sensory attributes of honey wine. Fermented and non-fermented pollen were introduced into a 20% aqueous honey solution prior to alcoholic fermentation. Analysis revealed a decrease in amino acid levels post-fermentation, accompanied by an increase in higher alcohols, ethers, and acetaldehydes compared to the control. Notably, honey wine fermented with fermented flower pollen exhibited heightened volatile substance content, enhancing its taste and aroma profile. These findings underscore the significant role of pollen fermentation in shaping the sensory characteristics of honey wine.

Morphometric Indicators of Spermatozoa in Rabbits of Different Ages

B. B. Ibragimov, Kh. B. Yunusov, B. Kh. Dzhambilov — Tue, 12 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article determines the influence of the animal’s age on the morphometric parameters of spermatozoa in sperm obtained from male rabbits. For this purpose, three groups were formed: the first group at one year of age; the second group is from 2 to 3 years of age; the third group is over 3 years old. From each group of rabbits, 5 smears were prepared and morphometric parameters of spermatozoa were determined, such as: head length; head width; neck-tail length; length of the entire body in micrometers (µm).

Role of Fungi in Bioremediation and Environmental Pollution

Duha Bahaa Mohammed Al-Fayaad, Saad Hussein Khudhair, Abdulrahman Saadi Mohammed — Thu, 28 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The significance of fungi in all ecosystems as decomposers and symbionts is discussed in the presented paragraph. The most sustainable and safest technique to clean up polluted environments is fungal bioremediation. Fungi may remove a broad range of recalcitrant contaminants and toxins in a number of ways, including by secreting potent enzymes. Through using a variety of biological techniques to convert resistant contaminants into compounds that are safe for the environment, the bioremediation process is both economical and environmentally beneficial. Fungal form and diverse metabolic capabilities make them important bioremediation agents. Microbes need organic matter from pollution in order to properly develop and flourish. Mineralizing pollutants through converting them to water, carbon dioxide, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen gas, etc. is the primary bio-remediation goal. Heavy metals as well as radioactive ions are transformed into less soluble forms, making their decomposition challenging.

Utilizing Spectral Reflectance for Separating Salinity-Affected Sedimentary Soil Units and Predicting Some of Their Properties in Northern Basra Governorate

Mustafa Saleh Ali Al-Mayahi, Salah Mahdi Sultan Al-Atab — Sat, 23 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to separate soil units and predict some of their properties using geomatics techniques and spectral reflectance analysis in the northern part of Basra Governorate in southern Iraq through spectral reflectance study. Chemical properties (Ece, pH, O.C, CEC, CaCO₃, ESP, CEC) and physical properties (particle size distribution) were studied, in addition to the assumed composition of prevailing salts in the study area. Three sedimentary soil units were identified (river terraces, river basins, and marshes). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between spectral reflectance of spectral bands 4 and 5 and soil organic carbon content of 0.75 and 0.8, respectively, and with other spectral bands except bands 2 and 8. There were significant relationships between other properties and different spectral bands. Notably, there were no significant correlations between pH, ESP, CaCO₃, CaSO₄, and all spectral bands. The most predictable soil property through spectral reflectance is the soil's organic carbon content. Bands 4 and 5 are the most commonly used in soil science, especially in agriculture.